1.5.6 Example

Modulef
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In this section, we show how to mesh a unit square with a hole. First of all, we run emc2, enter the number of the F3D graphic device and answer the few supplementary questions that are posed by the system (this depends on the particular F3D implementation).

Construction of the unit square with a hole

Click the POINT item of the construction menu
Click the XY POINT item of the selection menu
Enter 0=0=1=0=0=1=1=1=.5=.5= on the keyboard 5 points are displayed in the middle of the screen since the scale is equal to 1
Click the SEE_ALL item to see the five points clearly. The 5th point will be the center of the hole.
Click the SEGMENT item of the construction menu (on top of the screen. The bottom SEGMENT item belongs to the selection menu)
Click the POINT item of the selection menu (bottom)
Click in the graphic window on the extreme points of the 4 segments to be created. After each couple of clicks a segment is created. Therefore we must click 8 times, for example close to the following points in this order (0,0), (1,0), (1,0), (1,1), (1,1), (0,1), (0,1), (0,0)
Click the CIRCLE item of the construction menu (top) then click the CENTER item
Click in the graphic window close to the point (.5,.5) (we are still in point selection mode)
Click the RADIUS item
Enter 1/4= on the keyboard: a circle of center (.5,.5) and radius 1/4 is displayed. Warning: the circle as well as the straight line is only a construction aid. It must be transformed into an arc
Click the ARC item of the menu to construct arcs
Click the IDEM item
Click the CIRCLE item of the selection menu to select the circle
Click in the graphic window. Since there is only one circle, it is selected. The circle being now useless, we destruct it.
Click the DESTRUCT item of the general menu (left)
Click in the graphic window. The circle and the arc disappear since they are superimposed . Warning: we are still in destruction mode.
Click the REFRESH item to display the arc

The construction of the geometry is done (figure 1.33).

We can switch to the PREP_MESH application.

Figure 1.33: The geometry of the square domain with a hole

Definition of the boundary discretization

Click the PREP_MESH item of the general menu
Click the NB_INTERVAL item of the application menu (top)
Enter 4= on the keyboard
ALL of the application menu (top) ???? All the elements are divided into 4 intervals
Enter 12= on the keyboard
Then click in the graphic window close to the arc. It is divided into 12 intervals. There is no need to change selection mode.
Click the SAVE item of the general menu
Enter the file name square_with_hole(CR). We have created the file square_with_hole.emc2_bd

Figure 1.34: Discretization of the lines of the square domain with a hole

The file square_with_hole.emc2_bd :

'-- TYPE N BD(1) BD(2) BD(3) BD(4) BD(5) NBNODE RATIO NUREFG NUREFD NUREF1G NUREF1D NUREF2G NUREF2D FIS'
'DROITE'        1 -1.000000 0.0000000 1.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0 0.0000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'DROITE'        2 -1.000000 1.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0 0.0000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'POINT'       3 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0 1.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'POINT'       4 0.0000000 1.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0 1.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'POINT'       5 0.0000000 0.0000000 1.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0 1.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'POINT'       6 0.0000000 1.000000 1.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0 1.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'POINT'       7 0.0000000 0.5000000 0.5000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0 1.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'SEGMENT'     8 -3.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 1.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 5 1.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'SEGMENT'     9 -3.000000 1.000000 0.0000000 1.000000 1.000000 0.0000000 5 1.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'SEGMENT'     10 -3.000000 1.000000 1.000000 0.0000000 1.000000 0.0000000 5 1.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'SEGMENT'     11 -3.000000 0.0000000 1.000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 5 1.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'CERCLE'      12 0.2500000 0.5000000 0.5000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 2 1.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'ARC'         13 -2.000000 0.5000000 0.5000000 0.7500000 0.5000000 6.283185 13 1.000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 F
'MASQUE' 0 -0.4632312 1.465731 -5.0000010E-02 1.052500 0.0000000 0.0000000 0 0. 0 0 0  0 0 0  F
'RADIUS' 0 0.2500000 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0 0 0  0 0 0  F
'ANGLE' 0 0.0000000 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0 0 0  0 0 0  F
'DISTANCE' 0 1.000000 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0 0 0  0 0 0  F
'RAISON' 0 1.000000 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0 0 0  0 0 0  F
'NOMBRE' 0 0.0000000 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0 0 0  0 0 0  F
'ECHELLE' 0 14.32432 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0 0 0  0 0 0  F
'NUREF' 0 0.0000000 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0 0 0  0 0 0  F
'NB_INTERVALS' 0 12.00000 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0 0 0  0 0 0  F
'NUDSD' 0 1.000000 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0 0 0  0 0 0  F

We have completed the preparation of the mesh (figure 1.34)

Generating and saving the mesh

Click the EDIT_MESH item of the general menu to activate the
[4] EDIT_MESH application. Then type 4 (CR) to select the default options of the mesh generator. The mesh is displayed, it includes the hole. We are going to suppress the mesh in the hole.
Click the S_DOM item of the selection menu.
Click the SUPPRESS item of the edit_mesh menu (top).
Click in the meshed circle. The mesh of the hole disappears.
Click the SAVE item then enter the type of format, for example
[4] am_fmt(CR), then the file name square_with_hole(CR). A file titled square_with_hole.am_fmt is generated.
Click the EXIT item to quit Emc

Figure 1.35: The final mesh in the square domain with a hole

The file square_with_hole.am_fmt:

 44 60  -- nbs,nbt
      1      2     29        25     24     29
     24     31     29         3     43     30
     15     16     31        22     34     23
     26     25     30        23     34     31
     32     27     43        28     27     32
     22     33     34        21     40     38
      4     32     43        34     15     31
     33     14     34        21     33     22
      5      6     39        20     42     40
     28     32     39        41     42     19
      7      8     36        18     36     37
     28     39     35        34     14     15
     12     13     38         6     35     39
     28     35     17        43     27     26
     38     13     14        23     31     24
      7     36     17        31     16     29
     11     12     40         3     30      2
     37      8     44        30     25     29
     41     10     42        30     29      2
     44     10     41        29     16      1
     35      6      7        17     35      7
     36      8     37        17     36     18
     41     37     44        18     37     19
     38     14     33        21     38     33
     39     32      4         5     39      4
     40     12     38        20     40     21
     42     10     11        37     41     19
     42     11     40        19     42     20
     43     26     30         4     43      3
     44      8      9        10     44      9
   0.000000E+00   0.000000E+00      2.500000E-01   0.000000E+00
   5.000000E-01   0.000000E+00      7.500000E-01   0.000000E+00
   1.000000E+00   0.000000E+00      1.000000E+00   2.500000E-01
   1.000000E+00   5.000000E-01      1.000000E+00   7.500000E-01
   1.000000E+00   1.000000E+00      7.500000E-01   1.000000E+00
   5.000000E-01   1.000000E+00      2.500000E-01   1.000000E+00
   0.000000E+00   1.000000E+00      0.000000E+00   7.500000E-01
   0.000000E+00   5.000000E-01      0.000000E+00   2.500000E-01
   7.500000E-01   5.000000E-01      7.165064E-01   6.250000E-01
   6.250000E-01   7.165064E-01      5.000000E-01   7.500000E-01
   3.750000E-01   7.165064E-01      2.834937E-01   6.250000E-01
   2.500000E-01   5.000001E-01      2.834936E-01   3.750001E-01
   3.749999E-01   2.834937E-01      4.999999E-01   2.500000E-01
   6.249999E-01   2.834936E-01      7.165062E-01   3.749999E-01
   2.077567E-01   2.075703E-01      4.017089E-01   1.482612E-01
   1.483122E-01   4.021604E-01      7.024530E-01   2.009149E-01
   2.021900E-01   7.009841E-01      1.471843E-01   5.790281E-01
   8.609530E-01   3.646002E-01      8.519265E-01   6.222693E-01
   7.943417E-01   7.355210E-01      2.050139E-01   8.383228E-01
   8.379703E-01   1.980158E-01      4.015485E-01   8.609668E-01
   7.210978E-01   8.353896E-01      5.831956E-01   8.603261E-01
   5.796704E-01   1.470356E-01      8.526899E-01   8.640727E-01
       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0
       0       0       0       0

A NACA0012 wing

Introduction

The parametrization of the naca0012 is

for

To normalize the naca0012, we use the change of variables:

With the following small fortran program:

      PROGRAM NACA12
      DOUBLE PRECISION X,Y,C,XX,YY
      PARAMETER (C=1.008930411365D0)
      INTEGER NB,I
C --------  ENTER THE NUMBER OF INTERVALS -----------
      READ *,NB
      DO I=0,NB
C -----------------------------------------------------
C              4                                       |
C      WE USE X  INSTEAD OF X SO THAT THE PROGRESSION  |
C      OF GENERATED POINTS IS DENSER AROUND O          |
C -----------------------------------------------------
       XX= (DBLE(I)/DBLE(NB))**4
       X = C*XX
       Y = 5*.12*( 0.2969*SQRT(X) -0.126*X
     +            -0.3516*X**2    +0.2843*X**3 -0.1015*X**4)
       YY = Y / C
       PRINT*, XX,YY
      ENDDO
      END

We generate the file "naca12.21pts" by using this program with 20 intervals.

The file "naca12.21pts":

 0.0000000000000000 0.0000000000000000
 6.2500000000000000E-06 4.4290213310617220E-04
 1.0000000000000000E-04 1.7659364374154260E-03
 5.0625000000000000E-04 3.9520447457293480E-03
 1.6000000000000000E-03 6.9724900930098020E-03
 3.9062500000000000E-03 1.0785816129632120E-02
 8.1000000000000000E-03 1.5335254409279880E-02
 1.5006250000000000E-02 2.0543538719326360E-02
 2.5600000000000000E-02 2.6304013971036800E-02
 4.1006250000000000E-02 3.2467169756843240E-02
 6.2500000000000000E-02 3.8822480697810590E-02
 9.1506250000000000E-02 4.5076893778196040E-02
 0.1296000000000000 5.0833559338836810E-02
 0.1785062500000000 5.5577241169031020E-02
 0.2401000000000000 5.8675384962268570E-02
 0.3164062500000000 5.9403968668221290E-02
 0.4096000000000000 5.7000809116986590E-02
 0.5220062500000000 5.0728415111155510E-02
 0.6561000000000000 3.9881091560527040E-02
 0.8145062500000000 2.3576580331835940E-02
 1.000000000000000 2.0060198232592660E-14

Constructing the geometry

Click the SPLINE item of the construction menu
Enter < on the keyboard or click the XY FILE item of the selection menu then enter the name of the file that contains the points of the NACA0012 by typing naca12.21pts(CR). The spline of the naca appears on the screen.
Click the SEE_ALL item to see the spline clearly.
We want to mesh the exterior of the naca0012. To do this, we must define the boundary at infinity that we will place at -5 upstream, +11 downstream and +8 in the orthogonal direction. We thus construct the 3 points (-5,0), (0,8), (11,0)
- Click the POINT item of the construction menu (top)
- Enter x-5=0=0=8=11=0= on the keyboard
- Click the SEE_ALL item (right)
The 3 points appear. We now construct the arc passing through these 3 points:
- Click the ARC item of the construction menu (top)
- Click the POINT item of the selection menu (bottom)
- Click successively near the points (11,0), (0,8), (-5,0)
To finish the construction of the domain, we must construct the two segments that go from "infinity" to the naca.
- Click the SEGMENT item of the construction menu (top)
- Click near point (-5,0)
- Click the PREVIOUS item of the screen management menu (right). We are now using the previous display context that sets the naca full screen.
- Click near point (0,0) (below and on the left, to be sure to select the first point).
- Click the NEXT item of the screen management menu (right). We now see all the objects.
- Click near point (11,0)
Figure 1.36: The complete geometry of the naca0012 and infinity

Figure 1.37: Zoom around the naca0012

The construction of the geometrical domain is done. (figures 1.36 and 1.37).

Discretization of the contours

We switch to the PREP_MESH application to define the discretization of the contours.

Click the PREP_MESH item
The discretization of lines is done as follows:
- Click the NB_INTERVAL item. We plan to define the number of intervals.
- Type 26=
- Click near the arc (Warning: we are in the ANY selection mode, thus we must not click near point (8,0)). The arc is divided into 26 intervals.
- Type 39=
- Click near the left segment.
- Type 30=.
- Click near the right segment.
- Type 50=.
- Click the SPLINE item of the selection menu.
- Click in the graphic window (there is only one spline which is thus selected).
- Click the RATIO item to change the repartition of points on the lines
- Type 1.1=
- Click near the spline.
- Click the SEGMENT item of the selection menu.
- Click near the right segment.
- Type 1/1.2=
- Click near the left segment.
  
  Figure 1.38: A view of the discretization of all contours
  
  Figure 1.39: Zoom on the discretization of the contours around the naca

The discretization of lines is done (figures 1.38 and 1.39).

Generating and editing the mesh

We generate the mesh by switching to the EDIT_MESH application.

Click the EDIT_MESH item then type (CR) 4 times to give the default answer to the 4 questions. A mesh appears (figure 1.40).

Figure 1.40: Mesh around the half naca0012

We now define references in order to take boundary conditions into account: 1 on infinity , 2 on the NACA, 3 on the trailing edge.
Click the MODIF_REF item of the application menu.
- Type 1= The current reference is 1
- Click the VERTEX item of the selection menu to switch to vertex selection mode
- Click in the mesh near a vertex that is on the arc but is not an extremity, then click in the mesh near the two extremities. All the vertices on the arc have reference 1.
- Type 2= The current reference is 2
- We zoom around the naca
  - Click the ZOOM + item of the screen management menu
  - Click the MOUSE P item of the selection menu to switch to mouse point selection mode
  - Click twice to select the two opposite corners of a fictitious rectangle that contains the naca. If the zoom is not sufficient, click the ZOOM + item again, then click two other opposite corners. In order to get a zoom around the beginning of the naca (coordinates (0,0)):
    - Click the C_MASK item then type x0=0= to center the graphic window on point (0,0) (x is the shortcut for XY POINT)
    - Click the SCALE item then type 1000= for a scale of 1000
    (figure 1.41)
    
    Figure 1.41: Zoom 1000 on the mesh of the half naca0012
- Click the VERTEX item of the selection menu to switch back to vertex selection mode
- In case of error---the MODIF_REF item is not marked anymore---click it again to continue and type 2= to redefine the current reference.
- Click in the mesh near a vertex that is on the naca but is not an extremity, then click in the mesh near the downstream extremity (coordinates (0,0)).
- Click the C_MASK item then type x0=1= to center the graphic window on point (0,1) which is the trailing edge.
- Type 3= The current reference is 3
- Click in the mesh near the trailing edge.
Entry of references is done. Now we save the mesh of the half naca.
Click the SAVE item then type mesh(CR) then naca12_5(CR). The file
[4] naca12_5.mesh is created.
To obtain a complete mesh, we make it symmetrical. First we change point of view to see the whole naca.
Click the C_MASK item then type x1/2=0= to center the graphic window on point
Click the SCALE item then type 10= for a scale of 10
Click the SYMMETRY item
- Click the SEGMENT item of the selection menu.
- Click near one of the 2 segments
- Click the ALL item. The whole mesh is made symmetrical. The symmetric part is displayed in dotted lines (figure 1.42).
  
  Figure 1.42: Zoom 10 on the symmetric mesh of the naca0012
- Click the EVALUATE item to effectively generate the entire mesh (figure 1.43).
  
  Figure 1.43: Zoom 10 on the entire mesh of the naca0012
Now we save the mesh of the naca.
Click the SAVE item then type mesh(CR) then naca12(CR). The file
[4] naca12.mesh is created.

Next: 1.5.7 Limitations and bugs Up: The EMC² preprocessor Prev: The EDIT_MESH application Index Contents